λͺ¨λμμ μμ΄λ‘μμλ μ€νμΈμ΄,μ΄ λμ¬ μμ μ λνλ μ£Όμ λ₯Ό μννκ³ μμ§λ§ νμ€μμ μμ΄ λ§μ λμ¬ μν μ ν μ μλ λλ‘λ λͺ μ¬λ λν 보μμΌλ‘ λ€λ₯Έ λμ¬,μ΄κ²μ κ²°κ΅μ΄ κ·Έλ€μ κΈ°μ΅νλ, κΈ° λλ¬Έμ μν©μ λ°λΌν μ μλ μλ―Έκ° μμ΅λλ€.
κ·Έλ¬λ,λΉμ μ λΉμ μ΄ κ³΅λΆν μ μμ΅λν¨μΌλ‘μ¨ νΉμ ꡬλΆν μ μλ λ λμ μ΄ν΄ν μ μμ΅λλ€.
λ λ€λ₯Έ νΉμ±μ λμ¬μ λλ€ κ·Έλ€μ λ§μ,μ°λ¦¬μ λΆλΆ μ°λ¦¬κ° μ νν 100 κ°μ₯ λ§μ΄ μ¬μ©λλ λμ¬νκ³ μ°λ¦¬λ κ·Έλ€μκ² λͺ©λ‘μμ νμ©κ³Ό λ°μ μμ μ μ‘°κΈ λ μ½μ΅λλ€.
μ λͺ©λ‘μ μ κΈ°μ μ΄κ³ λΆκ·μΉν λμ¬μμ μμ΄:
μ΄ λΆλ₯λ(μΌλ° λ° λΆκ·μΉ),κΈ°λ³Έμ μΌλ‘μ ν΄λΉνλ λ°©λ²μ λμ¬μ νμ©: λ¨κ³¨λ€μ νΉμ§μ κ³Όκ±°νμΌλ‘ νμ©(μ μ’ λ£”μλ”μΆκ°ν΄μΌ ν©λλ€)λμ μ κ·κ΅° λ³κ²½μ΄ κ·Έλ€μ ꡬ쑰μ λ°λΌ μμ νκ² κΈ΄μ₯μλ κ·Έλ€μ΄ μ¬μ©λ©λλ€. λν μμΈν μ€λͺ μ λ μ νμ λμ¬μμ μ°Ύμ μ μμ΅λλ€:
- μμ΄ λμ¬
- μΌλ° μμ΄ λμ¬λ₯Ό λ³Ό μ μμ΅λλ€.
무μμ΄ μ μ©λλ μ§κΈ,λͺ©λ‘μ λ€μκ³Ό κ°μ΅λλ€ 100 μ¬(ꡬλΆμμ΄) μμ μΌλ°μ μΌλ‘ κ°μ₯ λ§μ΄ μ¬μ©νλ μμ΄
100 μ¬μμ μΌλ°μ μΌλ‘ κ°μ₯ λ§μ΄ μ¬μ©νλ μμ΄λ‘ λ°μ
Infintivo | νμ¬ | μΌ | μμ΄ | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | λ | λμ΄ μμ μ μ | ν | Being | λ |
2 | Have | Has | Had | Having | Tener |
3 | Do | Do – Does | Did | Doing | Hacer |
4 | Say | Says | Said | Saying | Decir |
5 | Get | Gets | Got | Getting | Obtener, conseguir |
6 | Make | Makes | Made | Making | Hacer |
7 | Go | goes | Went | Going | Ir |
8 | See | Looks | Looked | Looking | Ver, mirar, observar |
15 | Use | Uses | Used | Using | Usar |
16 | Find | Finds | Found | Finding | Encontrar, descubrir |
17 | Want | Wants | Wanted | Wanting | Querer |
18 | Tell | Tells | Told | Telling | Decir |
19 | Put | Puts | Put | Putting | Poner |
20 | Mean | Means | Meant | Meaning | Significar,querer decir |
21 | Become | Becomes | Became | Becoming | Convertir (a alguien) |
22 | Leave | Leaves | Left | Leaving | Dejar |
23 | Work | Works | Worked | Working | Trabajar |
24 | Need | Neeks | Needed | Needing | Necesitar |
25 | Feel | Feels | Felt | Feeling | Sentir |
26 | Seem | Seems | Seemed | Seeming | Parecer, aparentar |
27 | Ask | Asks | Asked | Asking | Preguntar |
28 | Show | Shows | Showed | Showing | Mostrar |
29 | Try | Tries | Tryed | Trying | Intentar |
30 | Call | Calls | Called | Calling | Llamar |
31 | Keep | Keeps | Kept | Keeping | Mantener (algo) |
32 | Provide | Provides | Provided | Providing | Proveer |
33 | Hold | Holds | Held | Holding | Sostener (algo) |
34 | Turn | Turns | Turned | Turning | Convertir (algo |
35 | Follow | Follows | Followed | Following | Seguir |
36 | Begin | Begins | Began | Beginning | Empezar |
37 | Bring | Brings | Brought | Bringing | Traer |
38 | Like | Likes | Liked | Liking | Gustar |
39 | Help | Helps | Helped | Helping | Ayudar |
40 | Start | Stars | Started | Starting | Empezar |
41 | Run | Runs | Ran | Running | Correr |
42 | Wirte | Writes | Wrote | Writing | Escribir |
43 | Set | Sets | Set | Setting | Poner |
44 | Move | Moves | Moved | Moving | Mover |
45 | Play | Plays | Played | Playing | Jugar |
46 | Play | Plays | Played | Playing | Tocar (algo) |
47 | Hear | Hears | Heard | Hearing | Escuchar |
48 | Include | Includes | Included | Including | Incluir |
49 | Believe | Believes | Believed | Believing | Creer |
50 | Allow | Allows | Allowed | Allowing | Permitir |
51 | Meet | Meets | Met | Meeting | Conocer |
52 | Lead | Leads | Led | Leading | Guiar |
53 | Live | Lives | Lived | Living | Vivir |
54 | Stand | Stands | Stood | Standing | Estar de pie , manterse |
55 | Happen | Happens | Happened | Happening | Pasar |
56 | Carry | Carries | Carried | Carrying | Llevar, cargar |
57 | Talk | Talks | Talked | Talking | Hablar |
58 | Appear | Appears | Appeared | Appearing | Aparecer |
59 | Produce | Produces | Produced | Producing | Producir |
60 | Sit | Sits | Sat | Sitting | Sentarse |
61 | Offer | Offers | Offered | Offering | Ofrecer |
62 | Consider | Considers | Considered | Considering | Considerar |
63 | Expect | Expects | Expected | Expecting | Esperar (algo) |
64 | Suggest | Suggests | Suggested | Suggesting | Sugerir |
65 | Let | Lets | Let | Letting | Dejar |
66 | Read | Reads | Read | Reading | Leer |
67 | Require | Requieres | Required | Requiring | Requerir |
68 | Continue | Continues | Continued | Continuing | Continuar |
69 | Lose | Loses | Lost | Losing | Perder |
70 | Add | Adds | Added | Adding | AΓ±adir |
71 | Change | Changes | Changed | Changing | Cambiar |
72 | Fall | Falls | Fell | Falling | Caer |
73 | Remain | Remains | Remained | Remaining | Mantener (alguien) |
74 | Remember | Remembers | Remembered | Remembering | Recordar |
75 | Buy | Buys | Bought | Buying | Comprar |
76 | Speak | Speaks | Spoke | Speaking | Hablar |
77 | Can | Could | No tiene forma en gerundio | Poder | |
78 | Love | Loves | Loved | Loving | Amar |
79 | Walked | Walks | Walked | Walking | Caminar |
80 | Watch | Watches | Watched | Watching | Ver, mirar, observar |
81 | Smile | Smiles | Smiled | Smiling | Sonreir |
82 | Stop | Stops | Stopped | Stoping | Detener (algo o a alguien) |
83 | Send | Sends | Sent | Sending | Enviar |
84 | Receive | Receives | Received | Receiving | Recibir |
85 | Decide | Decides | Decided | Deciding | Decidir |
86 | Win | Wins | Won | Winning | Ganar |
87 | Understand | Understands | Understood | Understanding | Entender |
88 | Describe | describes | Described | Describing | Describir |
89 | Develop | develops | Developed | Developing | Desarrollar |
90 | Agree | agrees | Agreed | Agreeing | Estar de acuerdo |
91 | Open | opens | Opened | Opening | Abrir |
92 | Reach | reaches | Reached | Reaching | Alcanzar |
93 | Wait | waits | Waited | Waiting | Esperar (a alguien) |
94 | Answer | answers | Answered | Answering | Responder |
95 | Laugh | laughs | Laughed | Laughing | Reirse |
96 | Build | Builds | Built | Building | Construir |
97 | Stare | Stares | Stared | Staring | View,μ΄ν΄λ³΄κ³ ,(μμ μΈλΆμ¬ν) |
98 | λ΅λ³ | λ΅κΈ | λλ΅νλ€ | νμ | λλ΅ |
99 | λ§ | λ§μ | λ§ | Aaa | μ λν΄ κ±±μ νκ² μ€μμ± |
100 | κ³ κ°λ₯Ό λλ | κ³ κ°λ₯Ό λλ | κ³ κ°λ₯Ό λλμλ€ | κ³ κ°λ₯Ό λλ | κ³ κ°λ₯Ό λλ(머리) |
μ°Έκ³ μ΄λ ν κ²½μ°μλ,λμ λ³κ²½νμ§ μλλ€”root”,μ무리 μ΄λ»κ² νμ©λλ,κ·Έλμ μ΄ λ°©λ²μ μλ³ν μ μμ΅λλ€ μ κ· λμ¬,κ³Όκ±° μμ λ‘ κ΅¬μ‘°λ₯Ό λ°κΎΈλ λμ¬λ λΆκ·μΉ λμ¬μ λλ€.
μ λν κ·Έλ€μ λΆλΆ,λ³Έ λΆμ¬(λ λ€μκ³Ό κ°μ μ’ λ§”μλ”λ°”μλ”μ€νμΈμ΄μμ)μ΄ νμ±λμ΄λ₯Ό μ¬μ©νλ λμ¬μμ λΆμ μ¬(첫 λ²μ§Έ μ΄μ ν μ΄λΈ)μ μΆκ°νμ¬ μ’ λ£”βing”,κ·Έλμ μλ₯Ό λ€μ΄,λ§:μ λ μΆκ΅¬μμ,μμ΄ λμ¬λ λμ΄(play)λ₯Ό μ¬μ©μΌλ‘ μ¬μ””,μ΄ λ°©λ²:λ΄κ° μ°μ£Όνλ€.
λͺ©λ‘μ μλ 100 λλΆλΆ μ¬μ©λλ λμ¬μ νμ©μμ λ€μν μμ ,κ°κ°μ μλ―Έμ κ·Έλ€κ³Ό κ·Έλ€μ κ°κ°μ λ°μμ ν΅ν΄ κ·νμ μ 보λ₯Ό μμ²νλ κ²½μ°,λμμ λ΄κ° μ€λΉν μ΄λ―Έμ§λ‘ 20 λλΆλΆ μ¬μ©λλ λμ¬μμλ λΉμ μ μΈμνκ±°λ μ μ₯ν μ μμ΅λλ€ λͺ¨λ°μΌμμ μ΄λμλ κ·Έκ²μ κ°μ§κ³ ,λΉμ μ΄ ν μ μλ λμΌν λλ¨Έμ§μ¬:
20 λλΆλΆ μ¬μ©λλ λμ¬μμ μμ΄(λ₯Ό λ€μ΄λ‘λ):

κΈ°νμ μν λμ¬μ ꡬ문μ μμ΄:
μ μ λ§νλ―μ΄, νλ λμ¬λ‘λ μ¬μ©λ μ μμ΅μ 보μνλ μ‘μ μ λ€λ₯Έ λμ¬,μ΄ λ²μ£Όμμ μ°λ¦¬λλ€.
보쑰μ΅λλ€.
μ΄ λμ¬ κ·Έλ£Ήμ μμ΄λ‘ μλ¬Έλ¬Έκ³Ό λΆμ μ μΈ λ¬Έμ₯μ ꡬμ±νλ λ° λ리 μ¬μ©λ©λλ€. μ΄λ¬ν λμ¬λ‘ μλν μ μλ 보쑰μ¬,λ°λλ λ€λ₯Έ λμ¬(μ£Όμμ¬μ λ¬Έμ₯)λ₯Ό νμ±νκΈ° μν΄μλ λμ¬λ μμ λλ μ£Όμ¬ν λλ νΌμμ λλ€. μμ΄μ 보쑰 λμ¬λ λ€μκ³Ό κ°μ΅λλ€.
- Be:μ΄ λμ¬λ μ£Ό λμ¬λ‘ μλνκ±°λ λ€λ₯Έ λμ¬μ μλ°λλ 보쑰 λμ¬λ‘ μλ ν μ μμ΅λλ€. κ·Έκ²μ νμ©μ λΉμ μ΄ μμ νκ³ μλ λμ¬μ λ°λΌ λ°λλ©°,κ·Έκ²μ΄ λΆκ·μΉ λμ¬λ‘ λΆλ¦¬λ μ΄μ μ λλ€. κ·Έκ²μ΄ 보쑰 λμ¬λ‘ κΈ°λ₯ ν λ,κ·Έκ²μ μ°μ μμ λ‘ λ¬Έμ₯μ ꡬμ±νκ±°λ μλμ μΈ λͺ©μλ¦¬λ‘ λ¬Έμ₯μ ꡬμ±νλ λ° μ¬μ©λ©λλ€.
- Have:μ΄ λμ¬μλ λ κ°μ§ νΉμμ±μ΄ μμ΅λλ€. 첫 λ²μ§Έλ μ£Ό λμ¬μ λ 립μ μΈ λμ¬λ‘μ”κ°μ§ κ²”μΌλ‘ λ²μλλ€λ κ²μ λλ€. λ λ²μ§Έλ 보쑰 λμ¬λ‘”νλ²”λ‘ λ²μλμ΄ μλ²½ν μμ λ‘ λ¬Έμ₯μ λ§λλ λ° μ¬μ©λλ€λ κ²μ λλ€. λ쬔be”μ λ§μ°¬κ°μ§λ‘ λΆκ·μΉν νμ©μ΄ μμ΅λλ€.
- Do:μ΄λ―Έ μμμ μΈκΈ ν λμ¬μ λ§μ°¬κ°μ§λ‘ μ΄κ²μ λΆκ·μΉ λμ¬μ΄κΈ°λν©λλ€. μΌλ‘ μ£Όμ¬ κ·Έκ²μ”μΌλ‘ λ²μλλ”μννμ§λ§,λλ‘ μ¬μ©λλ 보쑰μ¬,κ·Έκ²μ λͺ¨λ κ·Έκ²μ μλ―Έλ₯Ό κ°μ§κ³ ,κ·Έλμ κ·Έκ²μ λ¨μνμ ꡬμ±νλ λ° μ¬μ©λλ λΆμ κ³Όλ¬Έ λ¬Έμ₯μμλ νμ¬μ κ³Όκ±°λ₯Ό λλ°νμ¬ λμ¬μ νννλ μμ μ λ¬Έμ₯μ΄λ€.
- κ²μ΄λ€:λ쬔λ”μ΄ μμΈλ κ·Έλ£Ή λ΄μμμ λ³΄μ‘°μ¬ λλ¬Έμ κ·Έκ²μ λ¨μ§λ κΈ°λ₯μ μ μ μΌλ‘ μ¬μ©μμκ² λ³΄μ‘°μ¬μ μ¬μ©νλ λ¬Έμ₯μ ꡬμ±μμ λ―Έλνμ κ·Έκ²μ λ€λ₯Έ ννμ λλ€.
Modal verbs
μΌλ‘ μμ μ μ΄λ¦μ λ°μ,μ΄λ¬ν μ‘°λ ₯μλ₯Ό λνλ΄λ λ°©λ²μλ μμ μ΄ μνλκ±°λ λ΄μμ λ°μνλ λ¬Έμ₯ κ·Έλμ κ·Έλ€μ κΆνμ νν,νμμ±,κ°λ₯μ±,μ무,λ€λ₯Έ μ¬λμ μ¬μ΄μμ. μ°λ¦¬λ λͺ κ°μ§ 보쑰 λμ¬λ₯Ό μ°Ύμ μ μμΌλ©° κ°κ°μ λ€λ₯Έ κ²μ ννν©λλ€. μ΄λ κ°μ₯ μΌλ°μ μΌλ‘ μ¬μ©:
- ν μ μκ³ /λ€μμ μνν μ μμ΅λλ€.μ΄λ¬ν λͺ¨λ¬ λμ¬κ° μ¬μ©νλ νννλ λ₯λ ₯μ μ¬λμ΄ μμ μννλ μμ μ λλ€. λ쬔ν μμλ€”λ νμ¬ μμ μ λ¬Έμ₯μμ μ¬μ©λλ©°,λ쬔ν μμλ€”λ κ³Όκ±° μμ μ λ¬Έμ₯μμ μ¬μ©λ©λλ€.
- May/Might:μ΄ λ λͺ¨λ¬ λμ¬λ κ°λ₯μ±μ νννλ λ° μ¬μ©λ©λλ€. κ·Έλ€μ λΉμ μ΄ νλμ΄ μν λ κ²μΈμ§ νμ€ν μμ§ λͺ»νκ±°λ μ΄λ€ μΌμ΄ μΌμ΄λ μ§ λͺ¨λ₯΄λ λ¬Έμ₯μμ μ¬μ©λ©λλ€. “May”μ”may”λ λͺ¨λ λμΌν μλ―Έλ₯Ό κ°μ§λ―λ‘ λ¬Έμ₯ λ΄μμ λ μ€ νλλ₯Ό μ¬μ©ν μ μμ΅λλ€.λ¨Έμ€νΈ: The modal verb”ν΄μΌνλ€”λ λ΄μμ μ¬μ©λλ λ¬Έμ₯ μ΅μ€νλ μ€ μ무,μ¦,λ μμ μ΄ μνλμ΄μΌ νλ€.
- ν΄μΌ:μ΄ λμ¬λ μ‘°μΈμ μ 곡νλ λ° μ¬μ©λ©λλ€. μ μ¬μ©μΌλ‘ λμ¬λ”νλ€”κ·Έκ²μ νννλ κ²μ΄ μ€μν νλμ΄ λ°μνμ§λ§,κ·Έ μλ―Έλ₯Ό μΆ©λΆν κ°νμ§ μμ νννλ λͺ λ Ήμ λλ€.
μ΄κ΅¬ λμ¬
μ΄ λ²μ£Όμ λμ¬λ λΆμ μ¬ λμ¬κ° μ μΉμ¬ λλ λΆμ¬λ₯Ό λλ°νλ λμ¬μ λλ€. κ·Έκ²μ΄ λΆλ΄ν΄μΌ νλ λ§μμ λ§μ μκ°μ λΆμ¬ λλ μ μΉμ¬μ μλ°λλ λμ¬ μμ ν λ³κ²½μ μλ―Ένλ λμ¬κ° κ°λ³μ μΌλ‘ κ·Έλλ‘μ μλ―Έ λλ μ μΉμ¬ λΆμ¬μ ν¨κ» μ 곡λλ λμ¬λ‘ λ€λ₯Ό μ μμ΅λλ€.